AbstractEncountering, processing, retrieving, and articulating words is a dynamic and
fluid process. Several brain regions are involved that are associated with attention,
language, memory, and the senses (Baddeley, 2007; Pulvermüller, 1996;
Schuetze, 2017). This chapter provides insight into the processes at work in the
brain focusing on the formation of the language network; its interaction with the
limbic system; and the capacity to direct, switch, and divide attention. Bringing
together cognitive psychology and applied linguistics, teaching tips as well as
strategies for effective second and foreign language vocabulary acquisition are
provided.