AbstractCommunication plays an integral role in an individual’s construction of the
self in society. Second language (L2) learners, whose communicative competence in the new language is less advanced, may experience a compromised sense of self when using the L2.The subsequent conflict between the “real self” one is able to convey and the “ideal self” he or she would like to convey may cause a learner to reduce L2 use and potential L2 acquisition in self-threatening
interactions.This chapter explores the role of the self in L2 use and several factors that affect learners’ ability to construct the self in the L2. In conclusion, the chapter considers ways in which teachers and administrators may help learners navigate their new identity in the L2.